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The introduction of digital medical image sources in the 1970’s and the
use of computers in processing these images after their acquisition led
the American College of Radiology (ACR) and the National Electrical Manufacturers
Association (NEMA) to form a joint committee in order to create a standard
method for the transmission of medical images and their associated information.
This committee, formed in 1983, published in 1985 the ACR-NEMA Standards
Publication No. 300-1985. Prior to this, most devices stored images in
a proprietary format and transferred files of these proprietary formats
over a network or on removable media in order to perform image communication.
While the initial versions of the ACR-NEMA effort (version 2.0 was published
in 1988) created standardized terminology, an information structure, and
unsanctioned file encoding, most of the promise of a standard method of
communicating digital image information was not realized until the release
of version 3.0 of the Standard in 1993. The release of version 3.0 saw
a name change, to Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM),
and numerous enhancements that delivered on the promise of standardized
communications.
The DICOM Standards Committee exists to create and maintain international
standards for communication of biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic information
in disciplines that use digital images and associated data. The goals
of DICOM are to achieve compatibility and to improve workflow efficiency
between imaging systems and other information systems in healthcare environments
worldwide. DICOM is a cooperative standard. Therefore, connectivity works
because vendors cooperate in testing via scheduled public demonstration,
over the Internet, and during private test sessions. Every major diagnostic
medical imaging vendor in the world has incorporated the standard into
their product design and most are actively participating in the enhancement
of the Standard. Most of the professional societies throughout the world
have supported and are participating in the enhancement of the standard
as well.
DICOM is used or will soon be used by virtually every medical profession
that utilizes images within the healthcare industry. These include cardiology,
dentistry, endoscopy, mammography, opthamology, orthopedics, pathology,
pediatrics, radiation therapy, radiology, surgery, etc. DICOM is even
used in veterinary medical imaging applications.
DICOM file format is only supported by special programs shipped together
with medical diagnostic equipment. Few programs fully support DICOM specification.
No one can guarantee that you'll be able to open DICOM images you've received
in your colleague's e-mail message or on CD-ROM.
If you need to develop a database to store roentgenograms or backup your
files, it is advisable that you convert DICOM files to TIFF.
To convert DICOM files to TIFF:
If you do conversions often you may found it more convenient to make
a conversion script as a BATCH-file.
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